Magnetizable tape and the like, for signal carriers



June 1, 1965 T. A. BANNING, JR., ETAL 3,186,707

MAGNETIZABLE TAPE AND THE LIKE, FOR SIGNAL CARRIERS Gonducfors rmod in elecrros'ra'c char es gfememaflyorgas ofihnnpe, orio se mg :and chorges,whn :nid canductora are mpmged byhe cam Excn'ahon. Scanning Eiecrron beam.

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June l, 1965 T. A. BANNING, JR., ETAL 3,186,707

MAGNETIZABLE TAPE AN THE LIKE, FOR SIGNAL CARRIERS Original Filed May 4, 1954 5 Shee'ts-Sheei*l 2 urfnced wH-hMognegpxonemmngParces. d n. k Synchromging Signum. Oun ac DCIEIDDDDDDEICIDCICIDDUDUDDDUDEID DDD 5. Une-S 0i Recorded Sennanu nu mmm/nnb n n n n n 5| n DCICIUDUDDUUDDDDDDUDEIDDDCIDDEDDDDDDCIDU Modvmed annng Hadron Becam. Mugneicynchronynggnc Recorder Mngnehc oundnck Recorder.

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curved windu June 1, 1965 T. A. BANNING, JR.. ETAL 3,186,707

MAGNETIZABLE TAPE AND THE LIKE, Foa SIGNAL CARRIERS Original Filed May 4, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 DDDEIDDDDUDDUEJUDDEI DUDE]DUDE!DUEIDDEIEICIDEIDUDDUDDDDDDDCI Fg. lz n V.ma Invenors: F' .I3 1' ThomasA Bonnin Jr 9 AgnesJRnnsegn,

m nnunnnnnnnnmuununn fsm'mf-EmilL-Rnnseen.

June 1, 1965 T. A. BANNING, JR., ETAL 3,186,707

MGNETIZABLE TAPE AND THE LIKE, FOR SIGNAL CARRIERS Original Filed May 4, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 DDUUDUUDDDDUDD DDDD DCI lOl annng UnT-Eeafron BenmTb e Demon qunf/ Eea'hnn Bzomr-I U.V. Rehn-'Fmg Hood.

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June l, 1965 T. A. BANNING, JR., ETAL 3,136,707

MAGNETIZABLE TAPE AND THE LIKE, FOR SIGNAL GARRIERSl UCIEIEJDDCICICIEEI :invern-ors:

United States Patent O 3,136,707 MAGNETZABLE TAPE ANB) 'II-E Lm, FR SIGNAL CAREERS Thomas A. Banning, Jr., 5526 South Shore Drive, Chicago 37, ill., and Emil L. Ranseen, deceased, late of Chicago, lll., by Agnes J. Ranseen, executrix, Evanston, lill.; said Agnes J. Ranseen assigner to said Banning @riginal application May 4, 1954, Ser. No. 427,423, new Patent No. 2,976,354, dated Mar. 21, 1961. Divided and this application Mar. 9, 1961, Ser. No. 94,649 4 Claims. (Ci. 274-414) This invention relates to improvements in magnetizable tape, and the like, for signal carriers. Specifically, the improvements in such devices, hereinafter disclosed, include such signal carriers as magnetizable tape for tape recorders, and similar signal carriers, used in the storage of signals by magnetizing the surface of such carrier; and

subsequent interpretation of the signals thus stored, by suitable interpreting means, such as a magnetic tape recorder, and play-back unit.

This application is a division of the parent application of Thomas A. Banning, Ir., and Emil L. Ranseen, now deceased, for Improvements in Tape Recording and Translating and the Like, Serial No. 427,428, filed May 4, 1954, and to be issued as Letters Patent of the United States No. 2,976,354, to be issued March 2l, 1961. In that parent application the herein described embodiments of the magnetizable tape have been disclosed, as well as various embodiments of the recording and translating means which may use such tape as the signal carrier. Accordingly, there are herein included not only the showings and disclosures respecting the magnetizable tape itself, but also, for better understanding of certain of the inventive features respecting the tape itself, there are included in this case, showings of some of the recording and translating means which may be used for producing the recorded signals on such tape, as well as the means for interpreting and translating such recorded signals.

The improvements respecting the magnetizable tape consist in the provision of a thin sheet or foil of highly magnetizable alloy, having a high permeability, low hysteresis, and a low coercive force quality, and capable of being rolled into Very thin sheets, while retaining its high ductile quality, such thin sheet or toil, if desired, being provided with a thin backing of high tensile, flexible, substantially non-stretchable material, such sheet or foil and its backing being surface connected together, as by a cernenting operation. Such a magnetizable sheet or foil comprises an alloy of molybdenum, nickel, and iron, substantially in the proportions of 4 percent molybdenum, 79

percent nickel, and the balance, iron; and such alloy being knuown as 4-79 NI. It is conveniently produced and used in thicknesses of much less than one mil (one onethousandth of an inch). Such thin sheet or foil is mounted and cemented face to face to a sheet of plastic material such as nylon, an example or" such nylon backing sheet being a sheet or very tine weave of such plastic, of thickness of the order of one mil, for example. The plastic sheet may, of itself, be of thickness much less than one mil, so that the combined thickness of the tape, including the metal sheet or foil, and the plastic hacking, may be not over one mil, if desired.

Such alloy also has the property that the magnetizations of the minute signals placed thereon (or therein), will be held against lateral transit or effect, so that excellent signals of minute size and small strength are well received and retained on such tape; while at the same time, due to the low coercive quality of such alloy, such signals may, when desired, be readily erased from the tape.

Tapes embodying the present features may be used for the recording (and play-back) of signals placed on the ridged scan element.

g ansia? Patented June l., 1965 ICC tape in linear form (lengthwise of the tape), or cross-wise of the tape (lateral scanning), either as curved crosswise recordings, or otherwise in cross-Wise scan. When such cross-wise scans are produced, an area of the tape is Y used for the records, as distinguished from a narrow linear band of the recordings, such area thenheing equal to the length of tape over which the cross-scans are produced, multiplied by the width of tape scanned by each crosswise scan. The parent application, of which this case is a division, shows various embodiments of recorders for producing such cross-wise scans on the tape, and also shows various means for sensing and translating such record carrying scans. For more complete understanding of the features of the present invention, especially the importance of such features when the tapes embodying the present features are used in such recorders, there are included in this divisional case certain embodiments of recorders and play-back units with which the present tapes may be used, by way of example. i

When the cross-scans are produced at short intervals along the length of the tape, as is desirable when recording very high speed signals, such for exampleas signals for the recording to a television program, it is desirable that the successive cross-scans be individualized as much as possible,rto avoid cross-talk, and other improper effects. Accordingly, the recording tape herein disclosed may be provided with crosswise extending line ridges, formed in the thin sheet or foil of the metal alloy, and spaced from each other'along the length of the tape exactly conforming to the lengthwise travel of such tape executed during each recording cycle (one cycle being understood as the interval between commencement of one scan and the commencement of the next scan). Such ridges, when thus prepared, also conform to the shape of the crossscan, so that during the recording the signals are placed properly on the successive cross-ridges, and so that during translation the playback head will properly receive the magnetic eifects previously stored on the ridges of the magnetizable foil. In the hereinafter referred to embodiments of equipment, the recording and translating elements are designed to produce, and afterwards, to sense, signals laid onto the tape in arcuate cross-scans, formed on segments of circular arcs. Accordingly, there are shown as embodiments of tapes which include such ridges of the magnetizable sheet or foil, such forms of ridges extending across the tape, and formed on arcuate recording and sensing plans.

Such ridges, when provided, are of small height, as shown in various of the iigures, being thus of the order of one mil in height, or even less. Thus, such ridges do notV materially interfere with the reeling and storing operations to which the tape is subjected during and between its uses.`

Slight variations in the speed Vof drive of the tape will necessarily slightly lessen the accuracy of placement of the recordings on the ridges; but unless such speed variations are not accompanied by like rates of the cross-scans, each recording on the tape will be produced on such a However, when the rate of tape drive is determined by some control other than the control which determines the rates at which the cr-oss-scans are executed, it is evident that any slight change in the rate of tape travel will produce creep of the crossscans executed by the recording element, unless, as would be improbable, both the rate of cross-scans and the rate of tape travel should be varied harmoniously, both as to time, and as to amount, percentagewise. However, when recording such programs as television programs, provision is made for deliveringa synchronizing signal -at the end of each set of lateral deflections of the beam in the kinescope, and provision is also made for etecting a correction of the kinescopes lateral deflections to ensure commencement of each set of lateral deflections correctly.

One feature of the present invention consists in the provision of a recording track on the tape, to which such correction or synchronizing signals are delivered and recorded on the tape, harmoniously'with the reception of such synchronizing signals by the recording equipment, so that, when the tape is played-back, proper synchronizing signals will be delivered from the tape, to the television receiver, to effect corrections exactly in conformity with the correction signals'which were emitted by the sending station during the sending out of the original television program.

Additionally to the recordings previously referred to, the tape herein disclosed may be provided with a longitudinally extending track for reception of sound records. Thus, in such case, all three kinds of recordings may be accommodated on the thin sheet or foil hereinbefore disclosed.

Other objects and Auses of the invention will appear from a detailed description of the same, which consists in the features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 shows a section of tape provided with a magnetizableV surface composed of a thin sheet or foil of highly magnetizable material, such as the alloy of molybdemun and nickel and other, known as 74-t79 NI which includes 4 percent molybdenum and 79 percent nickel, such magnetizable sheet or foil being of a thickness of a fraction of one one-thousandth -of an inch, and being cemented or otherwise supported on the surface of a' thin backing of non-magnetizable material of high tensile strength and little stretch, such as nylon; and in thisitigure the magnetizable foil has been cut away at the right-hand portion of the figure to reveal such supporting sheet below the foil; i Y

FIGURE 2 shows a view similar to that of FIGURE 28, but in the present case the foil is provided with slight upwardly extending ribs formed along curves and at spacings to exactly correspond to the successive scans to be performed on the tape by magnetic operations, it being intended that these ribs shall register with the air-gap of the signal translating means at the ypoint of impingement of the ultra-violet beam as beam scan proceeds, thus ensuring very close control of the operation; and these ribs may be formed in convenient manner as by passing the foil between suitable forming rollers; or said ribs may be formed by the presence of curved threads extended across the surface of the nylon backing Sheet so that by pressing the metal foil firmly against such backing sheet during a cementing operation by use of a yieldable roller, the desired ribs may be produced;

FIGURES 3, 4 and 5 are longitudinal sections taken on the lines 3 3, 4-45-5 of FiGURES 24, l and 2, looking in the directions ofthe arrows;

FIGURE 6 `shows a face view oira section of tape embodying the features of the present invention, showing the end portion of the magnetizable foil area (nonniboed) by the stippling, the right-hand portion of such magnetizable foil area (to the right-hand end of the igure), showing, schematically, by the crosswise extending curved lines, the locations of successive scans which have been passed under or against the recording location; and this figure also shows the linear area for lproduction of sound tracks in conventional manner; and also shows, by successive small circles or dots, successive synchronizing signal areas;

FIGURE 7 shows a view similar to that of FIGURE 6, but with the scanning head or recording unit in place above the central portion of the length of tape shown in FIGURE 7; and this ligure also shows the already produced cross-scans (schematically) by the curved crosswise extending arcuate lines; and this ligure also shows the locations of the sound track and of the line, of synchronizing signals; and in this figure there is also shown a pre-magnetizing means or unit, which, when used,

serves to produce a uniform amount of magnetization on the tape, so that a base of magnetization is provided Yupon which the signals of the subsequent recording are i focused at such air-gap to thus produce the controlled conductivity conductor `from one side of the gap to the other side, such controlled conductor moving along the gap (in the direction of scan) harmoniously with the scanning movement;

FIGURE 9 shows a fragmentary horizontal section taken on the line -9*9 of FGURE 8, looking down in the direction of the arrows; and this iigure shows a detail of the two gap-producing conductors which are insulated from cach other and produce the desired air-gap between them;

FIGURE l0 shows a view similar to that of FIGURE 6, but it shows a section of tape carrying magnetically recorded signal variations produced, for example, by

recording .means such as those shown in FIGURES 7, 8 v

FIGURE ll;

FIGURE 13y shows aV fragmentary horizontal section taken on the line ITS-i3 of FIGURE 12, looking in the direction of the arrows, downwardly .towards the tape carrying the magnetically recorded signals; and it also shows the two gap-producing conductors which are insulated from each other and produce the desired air gap between them;

FIGURE 14 shows a section of tape carrying cross scan recordings of sound signals, which cross scans may 4be of either radio or audio frequency recordings; and this figure shows the presence of synchronizing signals placed in linear fashion along the tape, but does not show a linear sound track since in the showing of this figure the sound recordingscomprise the cross scans Valready referred to;

FIGURE 15 shows a plan view corresponding to FIG- URE 14, but with the sensing head in place for sensing and signalling according to the sound recordings carried by the tape;

FIGURE 16 shows a view similar vto that of FIGURE l5, but in FIGURE 16 the tape is shown as carrying cross scans of signal recordings for both a television picture record and for the accompanying sound record, superimposed on the picture recording, it being noted that the showing in FIGURE 16 is of a record producing set-up; and accordingly, in FIGURE 16 there are shown t-wo recording heads, one for the picture signals, and the other for the sound signals, such two recording heads being displaced lengthwise along the tape, but in locations to produce (or, sense) 4the sound record simultaneously with production (or sensing) of the picture record accompanying such sound record; t

FIGURE 17 shows a section of tape carrying cross scans which are a recording of color television signals produced on kthe basis of the system of mixed highs, the dots of recordings shown in lthis figure corresponding to the received signals on said system, and said dots being hatched lto indicate the signals which correspond to the three colors, according to the key shown adjacent to this figure; and this ligure shows the order of progression of these` dot signals for three Vconsecutive frames, but it `will be understood that only twelve scans have been shown for each frame instead of the conventional 525 scans for each frame as actually used;

FIGURE 18 shows a section of tape carrying cross scans which are a recording of color television signals produced on the basis ot the system of linear color scans, the cross scans of recordings shown in this iigure corresponding to the received signals on said system, and said scans being hatched to indicate the scans which correspond to the three colors; and this figure shows the order of progression of these scan signals for a main iield and an interlace lield, but it will be understood that only eighteen scans have been shown for each such field instead of the conventional 263 scans for the main eld and 262 scans for the interlace field as actually used;

In FIGURES 17 and 18 there'are not shown any synchronizing signals nor any sound track signal recordings, for purposes of simplicity, but it will be understood that proper provision for such recordings will be included as needed when making recordings of the color signal variations;

FIGURE 19 shows a section of tape, together with the -two gap-producing conductors, the arrangement being intended for producing the cross scans on the tape by magnetic recording operations, such recorded cross scans beinr-v shown in that portion of the tape which has passed the location of the air-gap; and this figure shows, schematically, one simple circuit arrangement whereby the necessary magnetic effects may be produced adjacent and close to the surface of the tape which surface is of magnetizable material, with provision whereby the strengths of the recorded magnetizations will be proportional to the strengths of the electron beam at all locations of the recorded scan;

FIGURE 20 shows a section of tape, together with the `two gap-producing conductors, the arrangement being intended for sensing and interpreting previously laid down magnetic recordings on cross scans carried by the tape, such cross scans being shown on the tape both in advance of the sensing location and behind such location since the tape is travelling along; and this figure shows, schematically, one simple circuit arrangement whereby the necessary sensed effects are produced corresponding to the strengths of the magnetic recordings along each `line of scan, and according to what may be called the potential sensing arrangement;

FIGURE 2d shows a section of tape, together with the two gap-producing conductors, the arrangement being intended for sensing and interpreting previously ylaid down magnetic recordings on cross scans carried vby the tape, such cross scans being shown on the tape both in advance of the sensing location and behind such location since the tape is travelling along; and this iigure shows, schematically, one simple circuit arrangement whereby the necessary sensed etiects are produced corresponding to the strengths of the magnetic recordings along each line of scan, and according to what may be called the closed circuit sensing arrangement;

FIGURES 19, 2O and 21 do not show any synchronizing signals nor any sound track signal recordings, for purposes of simplicity of showing, but it will be understood that proper provision for such recordings will be included as needed according to the recordings which are being made or sensed;

FIGURE 2-2 shows, on enlarged scale, as compared to other tigures, a detail section of one form of window end of the scanning tube which may be used in connection with the recording and scanning operations; such tube end being shown as provided with the phosphor surface excitable by the electron beam to produce the ultra-violet radiation; and the window being shown as including alens arrangement for concentrating the ultra-violet into a bem transmittable through the material of -the window; this iigure also showing the ultra-violet reflector and the t-wo gap-producing conductors close to the tape surface; the

tube arrangement shown in this igure being one in which the tube envelope is parallel to the tape surface;

FIGURE 23 shows a View similar to that of FIGURE 22; but for the case of a vertically extending tube;

FIGURE 24 shows a section ofthe tape, and also shows, on enlarged scale, the two transverse conductors separated from each other to provide the narrow gap to which the ultra-violet beam is focused; and shows these two conductors connected together in their end portions by suitable clips of insulating material so as to produce a self-contained sensing unit; and this iigure also shows the cross scans which have been laid down on the tape surface during tape movement towards the right in the figure;

FIGURE 25 shows a fragmentary longitudinal section through the window end portion of a modified form of scanning tube, together with the adjacent portion of the tape, and the two spaced-apart conductors to which the ultra-violet beam is directed; and in this form of construction the tube is provided with a curved window on its lower or tape proximate face, such window being of curvature corresponding to the path of travel of a reiiected electron beam, and such window being provided on its inside surface with the proper phosphor deposit for emission of Vultra-violet under electron beam excitation; and such curved window also preferably being formed of lens characteristics to bring the ultra-violet beam to focus outside of the envelope, the window being,V formed of material which is highly transparent to ultra-violet wave lengths; and in this embodiment there is shown a two dynode arrangement within the envelope in positions of such dynodes to receive the electron beam and to direct the secondary radiation step-by-step by a path to the phosphor deposit on the window, with ampliiication of beam strength at the position of each dynode, as shown in the figure;

FIGURE 26 shows another modifica-tion embodying some of the features disclosed inthe modilication of FIG- URE 25; but in the present case the tube end is shown as being provided with conductors extending through the material of the envelope, with dynode arrangements to direct the electron beam, amplified, to such conductors;

FIGURE 27 shows still another modiiication of the arrangement shown in FIGURE 25; but in the present case there is shown a single dynode directing the beam to a transparent window, with provision for emission of the ultra-violet beam and directing the same through such window;

FIGURE 28 shows a fragmentary horizontal section taken on the line 28-28 of FIGURE 25, looking in the direction of the arrows; 1

FIGURE 29 shows a fragmentary horizontal section taken on the line 29-29 of FIGURE 26, looking in the direction of the arrows;

FIGURE 30 shows a fragmentary plan view of a modilied form of air-gap producing conductor arrangement, in which there is provided a supplemental conductor extending along the air-gap path and slightly above the two previously mentioned conductors, said supplemental conductor being connected to one terminal of the modilied arrangement, and the two original conductors being connected together and to the other terminal of such modiiied arrangement; and the ultra-violet beam acting at both sides of such supplemental conductor simultaneously; and

FIGURE 31 shows a fragmentary vertical section through the modified arrangement of FIGURE 30, taken on the line 31-31, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Reference is first made to FIGURES l, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in which is shown one embodiment of the novel form of the magnetic recording tape, and a modification of such embodiment. It is here mentioned that in these figures the cross-scans or locations of such Scans are shown in arcuate form. However, the invention is not limited in its fundamental features tosuch cross scanning recording. Furthermore, although in such gures the only scans which have been indicated are of the cross scanning orV 7. lateral scanning type, it is to be understood that the tape herein disclosed, may also be used for lineal scanning along or parallel to the longitudinal axis-of the tape. In fact, in various of the figures other than FIGURES l to 5, inclusive there are shown such longitudinal forms of scan, both for reception of sound track signals, and for reception ofV synchronizing signals, when such latter kind of signals are needful or desirable. n

The thin sheet or foil .of highly magnetizable material such as what is known as 4-79 NI, 151, comprising an alloy including substantially 4 percent molybdenum, and substantially 79 percent nickel, and the balance iron, is laid onto the surface of a thin butstrong sheet of high tensile strength, such as nylon, 152, the two elements of the tape being secured together as by thin cementing ma-. terial. This foil of magnetizable material may have a thickness of much less than` one one-thousandth inch (one mil), so that the combined thickness of thetape thus produced may be of the order of one or two one-thousandths of an inch (one or two mils). In the embodiment shown in FIGURES land 4 the top or exposed surface. of the thin sheet or foil of the magnetizable alloy is vshown as being smooth, and not provided with any cross-wise extending ribs or other protuberances.

In FIGURE 3, which is a fragmentary longitudinal section through the central portion of the showing of FIG- URE 24, there are shown, in cross-section, the :two parallel conducting elements 133 and 134, which provide between them a very short air-gap (legended .in FIGURE 3), across which air-gap the ionized conducting narrow zone of air extends, and the ionization of which narrow zone is `produced yby Ythe focused ultra-violet or ionizing beam delivered by the scanning tube element, as extensively disclosed rin the parent application, Serial No. 427,428, Patent No. 2,976,354, to be issued March 21, 1961. It is noted from examination of this lFIGURE 3 that said elements 133 and 134 ride smoothly onrthe surface of the tape (namely, on the top surface which is the exposed surface of the alloy sheet or foil); and, if desired, the bottoni faces of these elements 133 and 134 may be provided with a Very thin surfacing of enamel, to ensure better riding qualities between the magnetizable sheet or foil and such elements 133 and 134; but it is desirable that the air-gap between the proximate edges of such elements 133 .and 134 should be very narrow, and should be very close to the surface of the magnetizable sheet or foil-to produce the maximum degree of force transfer between the sheet or foil and the current passing between such elements 133 and 134. In fact, as shown in FIGURE 3 the proximate edges of the elements are beveled downwardly so that the narrowest portions of the proximate edges are very close to the tape surface.

In FIGURE 4 the sheet or foil 151 is shown as raised from lthe base sheet of the tape, 152, for clarity of showing of the relationship between such two sheets. The element 152 isa convenient carrier for the very thin sheet or foil of magnetizable material, and to give added strength and permanence to the tape produced from both such elements. sheet may be made of, plastic; and in such case, nylon possesses a high tensile strength, great flexibility, negligible stretch, and permanence, qualitiesV which it is desirable to have in tapes for the magnetic recording and playback operations which are produced by the tapes herein disclosed. The backing sheet may be either a ne weave or -a continuous sheet as desired.

In FIGURES 2 and 5 there is shown a modification of this thin sheet or foil type of tape, yin the sense that there are, in these figures, shown the curved cross ribs 153 formed on the tape and extending across the Width to be scanned, and of curvature or form to conform to the scans to be produced, and with the ribs spaced from each other at separations conforming to the scan spacings. These ribs shall extend up from the general surface of the foil Yonly a small amount, probably about one one- Conveniently, but not necessarily, the backingv sneer/e7 thousandth inch (one mil), so that during scanning operations good definition will be assured between the recordings of the successive scans, and to ensure good contact of the sensing element with that portion of the tape surface which is being lrecorded or sensed.

ribs eventually become somewhat depressed by repeated play-back operations, still even a minute remnant of the exposed top surfaces of the ribs will greatly improve the transferof energy between the tape surface and the lionized conducting narrow gap between the proximate edges of Vsuch conductors 133 and 134.v It is also noted that, by

Vcomparing the showings of FIGURES 24 and 3, with the showings of FIGURE l and 5, Vit is seen that the widths of such conductor plates 133 and 134 (measured lengthwise of they tape). is as great as the distance between three of the ribs 153, so that'each conductor plate is constantly in supporting engagement with at least three of the ribs, although the transfer of energy is localized to the size of the ionized beam focused at an elemental area of the narrow gap between the proximate conductor edges.

It is also to be noted that, since the ribs extend up from the surface of the thin sheet or foil of alloy metal, such alloy having a high degree of flexibility, it is possible to wind such a tape, provided with such minute ridges, on the conventional forms and sizes of tape reels without trouble, and with only a slight diminution of the length of tape which can be reeled on a reel of given size. This is true since the radial dimension of such a rib is only a minute fraction of the radius of wind of such tape on the reel, and since the height of the rib is only a fraction of te thickness of the sheet of alloy metal and its backing s eet.

In FIGURES 7, 11, 15 and 16 there are shown several embodiments of recording and play-back equipment with which the tape improvements of the present application are conveniently usable. Specifically, each of such illustrated embodiments includes an electron beam element 116, or 166 or 167 (FIGURE 16), of which the electron beam is laterally deiectable underV conventional yoke control; each such electron beam element being provided with a phosphor or other surface against which the electron beam impinges, such phosphor surface being of a nature such that, under electron beam excitation a secondary beam of ionizing wave lengths is emitted; and each such electron beam element being provided with a surface or wall orV window through which such ionizing beam is transferred by transparency of the window to such ionizing wave lengths. Specifically, the wave lengths are within the ultra-violet range, but not necessarily limited to such specific range.

When using the tapes embodying the present invention with such forms of yscanning element, the scanning element is mounted stationary in such position with respect to the path of tape travel that the conductors between which the ionizing beam delivered from the electron beam element are brought to focus, are very close to the surface of the tape, to thus enhance the energy transfer effect between such parts.

In FIGURES 25,` 26, 27, 28 and 29 there are also shown means to amplify the effects produced by the electron beam, to proportionately amplify the recording or sensing effects transferred between the elements.

In FIGURES 25, 27, 30, 31, 22 and 23 there are shown various details of the two conductors between which the air-gap to be ionized is formed, including, in FIGURE 31 a modified arrangement of such conductors, which in- 9 cludes the provision of a third, central conductor extendingV along the medial line of the air-gap, with provision for connecting the two outside conductors together as one pole of a circuit, and provision for connecting the third, central conductor to the other pole of the circuit.

In FIGURES 26 and 29 there is shown a modification of the lateral scanning operation, under which modification the electron beam within the envelope successively impinges on the inner ends of a series of closely spaced conductors which extend through the material of the envelope to positions close to the surface of the tape, for transfer of energy effects between the interior of the envelope and such tape surface.

In FIGURE 23 there is shown a modification in which the electron beam element is placed vertically with respect v to the tape surface, instead of parallel to such surface as -in various of the other illustrated embodiments. This vertical arrangement avoids the need of providing a reflector to bring the direction of the ionizing beam towards the tape surface; but in this connection it is recalled that in the arrangements shown in FIGURES 25, 26 and 27 the dynodes themselves provide for change in the direction of the beam which is finally delivered to the window (or to the conductors, as in FIGURE 26), so that a further reflector is not needed to produce the desired direction of emission of the beam from the envelope.

In FIGURES 19, and 21 are shown schematically one form of simple circuitry for producing the desired magnetic effect close to the tape surface, for production of the recording on the tape surface according to the modulation of the beam strength (FIGURE 19), and for sensing the magnetic charges carried by the previously recorded program, and translating the strengths of such charges into corresponding modulations of the tlfvtrical effects (FIGURES 20 and 21).

In FIGURES 17 and 18 there are shown, schematically, how the signals corresponding to a three color television program may be recorded on tapes including the present inventive features; FIGURE 17 showing how the successive three color signals produced during each cross scan may be individually recorded in proper sequence of such signals; and FIGURE 18 showing how successive full linear scans of each primary color may be recorded in proper line sequence according to the reception of such signals from the sending station.

FIGURES 14, 15 and 16 show how recordings of audio programs may be produced by the cross-scanning of the tape. In FIGURE 14 such a recorded cross-scanned taped record is shown schematically, it being noted that in this figure there is not shown any lineal sound track, since the sound recordings are all produced by the crossscanning. In FIGURE 15 the sensing head is shown in place above the record carrying tape of FIGURE 14, the direction of tape travel being as shown by the arrow.

In FIGURE 16 there is shown how a sound track may be imposed, by cross-scanning, on a picture recording, also produced by cross-scanning, since the audio signals may be picked up and isolated from the very high frequency picture signals, to pass the two groups of signals independently to proper forms of circuitry for further translation.

It is noted that, since the rate ofV cross-scanning may be very high (e.g. 15,750 c.p.s., for the case of scanning a conventional TV received picture, according to present rules of the F.C.C.), even such a high frequency audio reception as 15,750 c.p.s. would be received with a single full cross scan for each Wave of such audio signal; and lower frequencies corresponding to lower audio notes, would require several or even many cross-scans for their recording. It is thus evident that even the most complex audio signals, those including various harmonics, may be very faithfully recorded by use of the cross-scanning arrangements herein disclosed.

Since each of the embodiments hereinbefore described is also fully illustrated and described in the parent case,

10 Patent No. 2,976,354, issued March 2l, 1961, it is deemed unnecessary to further describe the various embodiments of applications of the improved tapes in this case.

The alloy metal of molybdenum, substantially 4 percent, nickel, substantially 79 percent, and balance substantially all iron, possesses'the following characteristics: coercive force,'substantially 0.05 oersteds,`-Hc; saturation induction, substantially 8,000 gausses, Bs; saturation hysteresis, substantially 200 ergs/ cm; and maximum permeability, substantially 100,000. Such metal may be rolled under heavy pressure to a thinness of substantially oneeighth of a mil (.000125 inch). A convenient thickness of such a metal sheet is, therefore, of the `order of one mil for the presently intended purposes; and when such a sheet of such thinness is backed by the high tensile strength highly exible backing, such as a sheet of plastic, conveniently nylon, sufficient tensile strength and permanence of sheet form is ensured to meet the requirements imposed in magnetic tape recording operations. When such sheet is further provided with cross-wise extending ridges ofV small hight (of the order of a mil), extending parallel to Y each other, and spaced from each other along the length of the strip (measured in the direction of strip travel during recording or sensing operations), such ridges being spaced from each other at spacings equal to the intended lengthwise travel of the tape between cross-scans, such a tape constitutes a highly desirable form of medium to receive and retain the magnetic signals, with possibility of erasure of such signals when desired, by use of a conventional erasing medium :operating on the basis of progressive reduction of the magnetic remainder by subjecting the tape at the location of the signal to a progressively reduced hysteresis effect until the magnetization is reduced substantially to zero.

What is claimed is:

1. As a new article of manufacture, a flexible tape for receiving records of signals, said records being magnetic variations :of magnetic effect carried by said tape, said tape having a flexible magnetizable surface comprising the surface of a thin sheet of iiexible alloy metal which alloy includes substantially 4 percent molybdenum and 79 percent nickel, said tape including a flexible strip of high tensile strength fabric mounting for said strip of alloy metal, and a exible cementitious connection between the strip of high alloy metal and the said backing mounting, wherein there is provided a continuing series of ribs of said alloy metal extending across the general plane of said sheet of said metal and extending across a substantial portion of the width of said sheet of metal and all of the same shape and parallel to each other.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a liexible tape for receiving records of signals, said records being magnetic variati-ons of magnetic effect carried by said tape, said tape having a exible magnetizable surface comprising the surface of a thin strip of exible alloy metal which alloy includes substantially 4 percent molybdenum and 79 percent nickel, said strip having a thiclmess of the order from substantially less than one mil to substantially ve mils, together with signals carried by said surface in a progressive sequence of travel over said surface, said signals comprising variations of magnetism of said surface, wherein said strip of alloy metal is provided with a series of parallel equally spaced magnetic signal carrying ribs extending across a substantial portion of the Width of the strip, and all of said ribs being of substantially equal height measured from the surface of the body of the strip.

3. An article as defined in claim 2, wherein said ribs are fof arcuate form with the concave margins of all of the ribs facing in the same direction along the strip of alloy metal.

4. An article as defined in claim 2, wherein the height of the ribs above the surface of the body of the strip is of the order of substantially one mil.

(References on following page) 12 FOREIGN PATENTS 7/38 Great Britain.

OTHER REFERENCES Melby 274-41.4

Elmen 75 170 5 Magnetic Materials in the Electrical Industry, Bardell, Languepin 274 41A 1960, MacDonald and Co., Ltd., London, pages 96-101, Mccowen 274-414 10S-107- Wiliiams et al, 274 41 4 NORTON ANSI-IER,V Primary Examiner.

Boothby et al 148--120` 10 D. G. REDINBAUGH, E. SAX, EMIL G. ANDERSON, Rajchman 340-174 Examiners. 

1. AS A NEW ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE, A FLEXIBLE TAPE FOR RECEIVING RECORDS OF SIGNALS, SAID RECORDS BEING MAGNETIC VARIATIONS OF MAGENTIC EFFECT CARRIED BY SAID TAPE, SAID TAPE HAVING A FLEXIBLE MAGNETIZABLE SURFACE COMPRISING THE SURFACE OF A THIN SHEET OF FLEXIBLE ALLOY METAL WHICH ALLOY INCLUDES SUBSTANTIALLY 4 PERCENT MOLYBDENUM AND 79 PERCENT NICKEL, SAID TAPE INCLUDING A FLEXIBLE STRIP OF HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH FABRIC MOUNTING FOR SAID STRIP OF ALLOY METAL, AND A FLEXIBLE CEMENTITIOUS CONNECTION BETWEEN THE STRIP OF HIGH ALLOY METAL AND THE SAID BACKING MOUNTING, WHEREIN THERE IS PROVIDED A CONTINUING SERIES OF RIBS OF SAID ALLOY METAL EXTENDING ACROSS THE GENERAL PLANE OF SAID SHEET OF SAID METAL AND EXTENDING ACROSS A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF THE WIDTH OF SAID SHEET OF METAL AND ALL OF THE SAME SHAPE AND PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER. 